Welcome to How It Works, the magazine that explains everything you never knew you wanted to know about the world we live in. Loaded with fully illustrated guides and expert knowledge, and with sections dedicated to science, technology, transportation, space, history and the environment, no subject is too big or small for How It Works to explain.
WELCOME • Issue 157
MEET THIS ISSUE’S EXPERTS
AR ZONE • Bring the pages to life
A moth’s mouth
Devil ray migration
Where ice and sand meet
Mars selfie
Massive comet is headed our way
American bumblebee could be endangered
CEMENT FOUND IN MAN’S HEART
Climate change is making Earth dimmer
EXPLORERS ADD EIGHT MILES TO RECORD-BREAKING CAVE
Vegetarian ants have steak-knife teeth
COVID relative found in Laos bats
SCIENTISTS PINPOINT THE AGE OF MOLTEN ‘EINSTEIN RING’
Melting ‘glue’ sent enormous iceberg to its doom
Prehistoric people raised deadly cassowaries
MOUNTAIN GOAT KILLS GRIZZLY BEAR WITH ITS HORNS
Rare three-sun planet may lurk in Orion’s nose
WISH LIST • The latest CODING TOY TECH
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WHAT ARE UFOs? • Unidentified flying objects do exist, but they have a range of different explanations
THE PENTAGON UFO VIDEOS
THE AUTOKINETIC EFFECT
TOP-SECRET AIRCRAFT
IDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS
ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA
THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE AND UFOS • Since 2008, David Clarke has worked with the National Archives on releasing the MoD’s UFO files
UFOs BY NUMBERS
WHAT DO PLANETS SOUND LIKE? • From Martian winds to Saturn’s aurorae, how sounds add to our understanding of the planets
EARTH’S MUSICAL MAGNETOSPHERE • The tenuous plasma around Earth is filled with a cacophony of sound-like vibrations
WHAT IS THE MULTIVERSE? • Could the universe we know just be one of infinite universes?
NASA ON MARS • How Mars missions of the past and present have greatly shaped our knowledge of the Red Planet
5 THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT ROGER CHAFFEE
ROGER CHAFFEE • The life of this skilled astronaut was cut short by a tragic accident
A LIFE’S WORK • From air pilot to astronaut
COMMUNISM vs FASCISM • What are these two opposing ideologies?
WHO WERE THE FOUNDERS?
5 FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
ON THE MAP • Communist countries
WONDERS OF THE LYCURGUS CUP • How the Romans used nanotechnology to transform this ancient chalice
FREE 2 eBooks FOR EVERY READER! • Grab yourself two fascinating, fact-packed How It Works specials for your digital device. Simply use the link below or scan the QR code to download
ELECTRICITY BASICS • The science of resistance, inductance and capacitance
RESISTANCE
CAPACITANCE
INDUCTANCE
HOW LUMINOL WORKS • The blue glow of this forensic chemical can indicate a violent crime has taken place
5 FACTS ABOUT LUMINOL
WHY YOUR HEART BEATS • See inside the pump at the core of our bodies and explore its crucial role
CENTRIFUGAL VS CENTRIPETAL • There’s a dizzying difference between these forces of circular motion
INSIDE THE ATARI 2600 • This groundbreaking console spawned a new era of home entertainment
WHAT IS THE DARKNET? • Why the internet we see is just the tip of the iceberg
HOW PLASMA CUTTERS WORK • The science behind these efficient metal-slicing tools
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JOURNEY TO THE Carboniferous PERIOD • What life on Earth was like more than 300 million years ago, and how it gave us coal
THE...